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小学英语四周语法专题卡片

每周一个专题:先看卡片(规则、口诀、易错),再做练习,答案折叠在下面,做完再看。

使用说明:① "词的适当形式"指名词复数、动词三单、-ing、like + doing、can + 原形,也就是"用所给词的适当形式填空"。② 适合小学中高年级,每天 15 分钟,四周一轮;可按学生情况调整难度和进度。

贯穿四周低级错误自查清单(做完每题过一遍)

第 1 周 · 词的适当形式

口诀先看三样东西再动笔

  1. 看主语:单数 he/she/it → 动词加 s;复数 → 动词原形。
  2. 看时间词:every day → 一般现在时;now / Look! → 正在进行。
  3. 看前面的词:前面有 is/am/are → 用 -ing;有 many/two/three → 名词用复数;有 can / does / do / let's → 动词原形;有 like → 接 -ing。

规则表常用变形

类型规则例
名词复数+s;s x ch sh 结尾 +es;辅音+y 变 iesbooks, boxes, babies
不规则复数要背child→children, man→men, foot→feet, tooth→teeth
动词三单+s;s x ch sh o 结尾 +es;辅音+y 变 ieslikes, watches, goes, studies;have→has
现在分词 -ing+ing;不发音 e 去 e;重读闭音节双写playing, making, swimming
like + doinglike 后面接动词 -inglike swimming, likes dancing
can + 原形can 后面用动词原形,不加 s、不加 ingcan swim, can jump

易错最容易丢分的地方

  • watch→watches,不是 watchs。
  • study→studies,但 play→plays(元音+y 直接加 s)。
  • have→has,不是 haves。
  • Do / Does / Can 后面的动词永远用原形:Does she like...?

举一反三一个动词,六种形态

拿 play 说:I play. / She plays. / I am playing. / I like playing. / I can play. / Do you play? 每次换一个动词(watch、study、swim、go),学生自己说出这几种。

练习:用所给词的适当形式填空

  1. There are three (box) on the desk.
  2. My brother (watch) TV every night.
  3. The (child) are playing in the park.
  4. Look! She is (swim) in the river.
  5. Tom (have) a red bag.
  6. Can you (go) to the zoo with me?
  7. He (study) English after school.
  8. She likes (dance) very much.
  9. My (foot) are very big.
  10. I like (read) story books.
查看答案与解析
  1. boxes(x 结尾 +es)
  2. watches(he 单数,ch 结尾 +es)
  3. children(不规则)
  4. swimming(is 后用 -ing,双写 m)
  5. has(Tom 单数)
  6. go(Can 后用原形)
  7. studies(辅音+y 变 ies)
  8. dancing(like 后接 -ing,去 e 加 ing)
  9. feet(不规则)
  10. reading(like 后接 -ing,也可用 to read,这里按 PEP 常见的 like doing)

第 2 周 · 组合词与拆分记忆

方法拆开记,合起来读

长单词不要一个字母一个字母背。先拆成两个熟词,每块单独拼,再合起来。
home + work = homework
hard + working = hardworking

拼写最稳的方法:拆开念一遍,盖住默写,再检查。

词库常见组合词

组合词拆分意思
homeworkhome + work家庭作业
classroomclass + room教室
footballfoot + ball足球
basketballbasket + ball篮球
birthdaybirth + day生日
weekendweek + end周末
afternoonafter + noon下午
sometimessome + times有时
grandmothergrand + mother祖母
hardworkinghard + working努力的
breakfastbreak + fast早餐
everyoneevery + one每个人

易错不是所有长词都是组合词

  • teacher 是 teach + er(加后缀),不是两个词合并。
  • happy→unhappy 是加前缀;help→helpful 是加后缀。这叫"派生词",和组合词分开记。
  • 组合词变复数,在最后一个词上变:classrooms,footballs。

举一反三自己造词

一个词当"积木":
ball → football, basketball, volleyball
room → classroom, bedroom, bathroom
book → notebook, textbook, storybook
让学生每周自己再找 3 个。

练习

A. 拆分(写出两个词):

  1. weekend = +
  2. afternoon = +
  3. sometimes = +
  4. hardworking = +

B. 组合(写出新单词):

  1. note + book =
  2. play + ground =
  3. sun + flower =
  4. bed + room =

C. 圈出组合词:apple, schoolbag, teacher, sunshine, desk, someone

D. 选词填空:homework / classroom / breakfast

  1. I eat at seven o'clock.
  2. We do our after school.
  3. Our is big and bright.
查看答案

A. week + end;after + noon;some + times;hard + working

B. notebook;playground;sunflower;bedroom

C. schoolbag, sunshine, someone(teacher 是加后缀,不算)

D. breakfast;homework;classroom

第 3 周 · 主谓宾句子结构

核心三个问题找句子骨架

  1. 谁?→ 主语(S)
  2. 做什么 / 是什么?→ 谓语(V)
  3. 做了什么?→ 宾语(O)

My mother (S) cooks (V) dinner (O).
The boy (S) kicks (V) the ball (O).

变形三种常见句型

  • S + V:Birds fly.
  • S + V + O:I like apples.
  • S + be + 表语:She is tall.(is 后面是描述,不是宾语)

时间、地点放最后:We eat breakfast at seven.

易错最常见的四种错

  • 缺动词:He very happy. → He is very happy.
  • 三单漏 s:She like apples. → likes
  • 宾语用错格:Mum loves I. → me(宾语用 me / him / her / us / them)
  • be 和动词一起用:She is likes... 错。

举一反三骨架不变,换零件

固定骨架 S + V + O:
I like apples. → I eat apples. → My sister eats apples.
每次只换一个零件,再说一遍,学生会发现句子是"搭积木"。

练习

A. 标出主语、谓语、宾语(没有宾语就写"无"):

  1. I like apples.
  2. My mother cooks dinner.
  3. The boy kicks the ball.
  4. She is tall.

B. 排序成句:

  1. likes / my / music / sister
  2. the / reads / a / boy / book
  3. we / at seven / eat / breakfast
  4. football / my friend / on Sundays / plays

C. 改错:

  1. She like apples.
  2. He very happy.
  3. Mum loves I.
  4. We has a pet.
查看答案

A. 1) I / like / apples;2) My mother / cooks / dinner;3) The boy / kicks / the ball;4) She / is / 无(tall 是表语)

B. My sister likes music. / The boy reads a book. / We eat breakfast at seven. / My friend plays football on Sundays.

C. She likes apples. / He is very happy. / Mum loves me. / We have a pet.

第 4 周 · what / why / how / where / when

总表问什么,答什么

疑问词问答句线索
what什么名词:It's a pen.
who谁人:He's my brother.
where在哪里in / on / at / near
when什么时候时间:In May. At six.
why为什么Because ...
how怎么样 / 怎样By bus. Fine.

how 家族how 后面还能接

  • How old are you? — I'm ten.
  • How many books do you have? — Three.(可数)
  • How much is it? — It's ten yuan.(价钱 / 不可数)
  • How often do you...? — Every day.
  • What time is it? — It's seven.

易错最容易混的

  • why 的答句以 Because 开头,不要写 So。
  • where 问地点,when 问时间,别互换。
  • 疑问词后面用疑问语序:Where is the library? 不是 Where the library is。
  • what 和 how 都译"什么"和"怎样",看答句选。

举一反三一件事,问六遍

以 Tom plays football in the park at four because he likes it. 为例:
Who plays football? Tom.
What does Tom play? Football.
Where does he play? In the park.
When does he play? At four.
Why does he play? Because he likes it.
学生每天拿一句自己的话,问全五个。

练习

A. 选词填空(what / why / how / where / when / who):

  1. is your favourite colour? — Blue.
  2. do you go to school? — By bus.
  3. is the library? — It's near the gym.
  4. do you like summer? — Because I can swim.
  5. is your birthday? — In May.
  6. is that boy? — He's my brother.
  7. many books do you have? — Five.

B. 看答句,写出问句:

  1. I'm ten years old.
  2. It's on the desk.
  3. I get up at six.
查看答案

A. What;How;Where;Why;When;Who;How

B. How old are you? / Where is it? / When do you get up? (也可 What time do you get up?)

配套错题记录表(每周一张,建议手写)

日期题目我写的正确的错因:粗心 / 不会 / 没读题

每周日只看错因这一列。同一种错因出现三次以上,就是下周要重点补的地方。